By the 1820s, Sequoyah's syllabary brought literacy and a formal governing system with a written constitution. Between 17, over 90 percent of their lands were ceded to others. They began to adopt European customs and gradually turned to an agricultural economy, while being pressured to give up traditional home-lands. As European settlers arrived, Cherokees traded and intermarried with them. Historically, Cherokees occupied lands in several southeastern states. An estimated 3,500 Creeks died in Alabama and on their westward journey. government coerced treaties or used the U.S. Between 18, about 100,000 American Indians living between Michigan, Louisiana, and Florida moved west after the U.S. In 1830 it was endorsed, when Congress passed the Indian Removal Act to force those remaining to move west of the Mississippi. In his 1829 inaugural address, President Andrew Jackson set a policy to relocate eastern Indians. This plan would also allow for American expansion westward from the original colonies to the Mississippi River.Ä«etween 18, tribes located between the original states and the Mississippi River, including Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles, signed more than 40 treaties ceding their lands to the U.S. and European holdings, to be inhabited by eastern American Indians. Thomas Jefferson proposed the creation of a buffer zone between U.S. At the same time, American settlers clamored for more land. Early in the 19th century, the United States felt threatened by England and Spain, who held land in the western continent.
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